随着医用射线项目的增多，射线防护成为一个紧迫的问题。射线防护器材公司研发出各种防护设备，给出了许多防护建议，射线防护有了科学的指导。
With the increase of medical radiation projects, radiation protection has become an urgent problem. Radiation Protection Equipment Company has developed various protective equipment, and has given many protective suggestions. Radiation protection has professional and scientific guidance.
科学家们总结出了射线防护的三大原则：放射实践的正当化、优化、个人剂量限制。简而言之，正当化原则要求射线对人产生的危害小于从射线检查中获得了利益，优化是指通过改进设备、实施射线防护工程等，把射线量降到低，个人剂量限制是规定了辐射量的大值。
Scientists have summed up three principles of radiation protection: the legitimacy, optimization and individual dose limitation of radiation practice. In short, the principle of justification requires that the harm caused by radiation to human beings is less than the benefit obtained from radiological examination. Optimization means to minimize the amount of radiation by improving equipment and implementing radiological protection projects. The maximum amount of radiation is defined by the limit of individual dose.
1.射线实践的正当化
1. The Legitimization of Radiation Practice
不论是做拍X光片，还是做CT、CR检查，要保证检查是必要的，且能够起到相应的医疗作用，这样一来，虽然人会受到辐射，但也获得了明确的医疗结果，即效益明显大于付出的全部代价时，这时所进行的射线检查工作就是正当的，是值得进行的。
Whether doing X-ray or CT or CR examination, first of all, we should ensure that the examination is necessary and can play a corresponding medical role. In this way, although people will be exposed to radiation, but also obtained a clear medical result, that is, when the benefit is obviously greater than the total cost paid, the X-ray examination work is justified and worthwhile.
2.射线防护的优化
2. Optimizing Radiation Protection
使放射性和照射量在可以合理达到的尽可能低的水平，避免一些不必要的照射。科学家们一直努力改进射线检查设备，希望可以用小的辐射量来获得优的检查效果。比如，X光机须安装线管，尽量减少X光的辐射范围，减少不必要的照射。
Radioactivity and irradiation can be reasonably achieved at the lowest possible level to avoid some unnecessary irradiation. Scientists have been trying to improve the radiographic equipment in the hope that the minimum amount of radiation can be used to obtain the best results. For example, X-ray machines need to install pipes to minimize the radiation range of X-rays and reduce unnecessary exposure.
射线防护工程公司提供铅板、铅防护门、铅衣等，把患者、医生和射线隔离开来。铅是一种优良的防辐射材料，密度大，可以有效吸收和散射射线，患者穿上铅衣，医护人员在铅板围护的房间内，实现了辐射量小化。
Radiation Protection Engineering Company provides lead plates, lead doors, lead coats, etc. to isolate patients, doctors and radiation. Lead is an excellent radiation-proof material with high density, which can effectively absorb and scatter radiation. Patients wear lead coats. Medical staff in lead-enclosed rooms achieve the minimum radiation.
3.个人剂量限制
3. Personal dose limitation
在放射实践中，不产生过高的个体照射量，保证任何人的危险度不超过某一数值，即必须保证个人所受的放射性剂量不超过规定的相应限值。ICRP规定工作人员全身均匀照射的年剂量当量限制为50mSv，广大居民的年剂量当量限值为1mSv(0.1rem)。个人剂量限制是强制性的，必须严格遵守。
In the practice of radiation, no excessive individual exposure is produced to ensure that any person's risk does not exceed a certain value, that is to say, the individual's radiation dose must not exceed the prescribed corresponding limit. ICRP stipulates that the annual dose equivalent limit of uniform whole body irradiation is 50 mSv for staff and 1 mSv (0.1 rem) for residents. The individual dose limit is mandatory and must be strictly observed.
做好射线防护工作，离不开检查设备的改进，离不开射线实践的规范，也离不开医用射线防护工程。
To do a good job of radiation protection, it is necessary to improve the inspection equipment, to standardize the practice of radiation, and to do a good job of medical radiation protection.
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